Ligninyog "kua nplaum" uas khi cellulose fibers ua ke hauv ntoo. Nws lub npe los ntawm Latin lignum, uas txhais tau tias "ntoo". Lignin suav txog li 25% mus rau 35% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm ntoo, nyob ntawm seb hom ntoo, thiab yog qhov thib ob ntau tshaj plaws organic polymer nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, tom qab cellulose nws tus kheej.
Tau kawg, cov lag luam pulping thiab papermaking yog paub zoo txog lignin, uas yog ib qho nyuaj cross-linked phenolic polymer uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm ntoo thaum lub sij hawm pulping txheej txheem thaum khaws cia cellulose fibers rau papermaking. Txog rau hnub no, yuav luag tag nrho cov lignin sib cais hauv cov txheej txheem pulping yog siv los ua cov roj tsis muaj pob txha los hlawv hauv alkali rauv, thiab cov nkev thiab hluav taws xob tsim tau siv rau cov txheej txheem cog thiab cov zej zog hauv zos. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb tau xav ua ntau dua nrog lignin txhawm rau nrhiav kev siv nyiaj ntau dua.
Tam sim no, raws li ntau tus neeg tsav tsheb uas tshwm sim yuav luag tib lub sijhawm, kev nrhiav kev lag luam dav dav siv lignin tau nrawm nrawm. Tej zaum tus tsav tsheb loj tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis lees paub ntau ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv yas los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov tub ceev xwm. Los yog, qhov no yog vim muaj ntau yam tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj los ntawm cov yas, suav nrog lawv txoj kev vam khom ntawm cov roj cia, cov pa roj carbon ntau thiab tsis muaj biodegradability.
Lignin yog ib tug complex polymer muab rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub cell phab ntsa ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov terrestrial nroj tsuag. Lignin, uas suav txog 20% mus rau 30% ntawm cov ntoo, yog cov nplaum ntuj thiab viscous. Nws tuaj yeem ua ke cellulose nrog hemicellulose, muab cov ntoo tawv thiab tawv tawv. Qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide tom qab cellulose.
Lignin yog dav siv hauv tsheb, kev tsim kho, txheej, yas, tshuaj thiab lwm yam lag luam. Refined lignin tuaj yeem hloov cov fossil phenols hauv plywood, oriented particleboard (OSB), veneer laminated lumber (LVL), ntawv laminated thiab insulating cov ntaub ntawv. Lwm cov kev siv yav tom ntej muaj xws li carbon fiber thiab carbon rau lub zog cia.
Nrog rau kev nkag siab tob ntawm tib neeg kev nkag siab txog kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig thiab kev kub ntxhov, kev saib xyuas ntau dua tau raug them rau cov khoom txuas ntxiv thiab degradable ntawm ntuj polymers. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj lub voj voog rov ua dua tshiab, lignocellulose, uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag, yog suav tias yog ib qho kev hloov rau fossil fuels.
Lignocellulose muaj nyob rau hauv cov nyom, ntoo, straw thiab cov khib nyiab uas tsim los ntawm nws, uas yog tsim los ntawm cellulose, hemicellulose thiab lignin. Ntawm lawv, thawj ob tus account rau 50-70% thiab cov qauv yog qhov yooj yim. Glucose thiab xylose tuaj yeem tau los ntawm decomposing cellulose thiab hemicellulose, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv roj ethanol, roj av, diol thiab lwm yam los ntawm kev lom neeg fermentation lossis tshuaj catalysis. Qhov seem 15-30% yog lignin nrog cov qauv nyuaj. Nws yog ib tug natural polymerized los ntawm peb monomers, uas muaj cuaj carbon atoms, uas yog heev haum raws li kev hloov rau roj av; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias lawv cov qauv muaj ntxhiab, lawv kuj tuaj yeem siv los hloov phenol los tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, xws li phenolic resin.
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