Cochineal thiab carmine yog ob qho tib si liab pigments, tab sis lawv muaj qee qhov sib txawv,
1. Ntau qhov chaw:
1.1 Cochineal Liab yog cov xim ntuj tsim los ntawm kev zais ntawm cochineal worms, uas yog cov kab kab hauv tebchaws Asmeskas. Parasitic ntawm prickly cacti, feem ntau tsim pawg nrog cov hmoov av dawb thiab cov xov paj zoo li npog rau sab nraub qaum, pom meej meej. Thaum cov kab hauv lub cev raug tsoo, cov xim liab ci tuaj yeem pom meej meej. Muaj thaj chaw loj ntawm cov hav dej qhuav thiab kub kub nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Tuam Tshoj, uas tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cacti thiab tuaj yeem tsim kev yug me nyuam ntawm cochineal kab. Cochineal worms muaj cochineal acid (C22H20O13), uas tuaj yeem npaj rau hauv cochineal pigment. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam xws li khoom noj khoom haus, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab tshuaj. Tom qab purification thiab lwm yam txheej txheem, carmine acid yuav siv tau kom tau crimson carmine, uas yog anthraquinone pigment nrog zoo duab thermal stability thiab antioxidant zog. Nws yog tib cov xim ntuj tso cai los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) los siv rau hauv cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tsuas yog cov neeg tsawg heev uas tsis haum rau cochineal, thiab piv rau cov khoom noj uas yuav ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj ntau dua (xws li txiv laum huab xeeb), cochineal tuaj yeem suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb heev. Ntxiv rau nws cov xim muaj nuj nqi, cochineal liab pigment tau pom tias ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv DNA kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov carcinogens, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob kis (xws li vesicular stomatitis, herpetic stomatitis, thiab lwm yam). , mob cancer thiab AIDS.
1.2 Crimson yog cov xim hluavtaws, feem ntau hu ua magenta, siv hauv cov xim hmoov xim. Nws muaj lub teeb liab xim, yog ci thiab pob tshab, thiab tsuas yog siv rau kev ntxuav thiab dyeing floral lossis cim khaub ncaws. Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov hluav taws kub yog qhov nqaim heev, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tua hluav taws kub yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nws. Nws feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm aniline tebchaw. Qhov no yog cov xim hluavtaws hluavtaws (cov khoom siv hluavtaws hluavtaws muaj xws li hnub poob daj thiab ci xiav), feem ntau siv hauv cov khoom qab zib, dej haus, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom nplua nuj xim thiab ua kom qab los noj mov. Vim muaj qee yam kev mob tshwm sim rau tib neeg lub cev, carmine raug txwv tsis pub siv hauv qee lub tebchaws European thiab Asmeskas, tab sis nws tseem tuaj yeem siv tau hauv cov tebchaws xws li Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyij Pooj, nrog rau kev txwv nruj heev.
2. Txawv xim stability:
2.1 Cochineal Liab muaj xim ruaj khov, lub teeb zoo thiab kub tsis kam, thiab tsis yooj yim rau ploj. Cochineal Liab yog cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov xim liab uas pom cov xim liab liab liab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj zog acidic lossis nruab nrab, tab sis hloov xim xim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline. Cov tshuaj pigment nthuav tawm qhov nqus siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub wavelength ntawm 494 nm ntawm pH ntawm 5.7.
Yog li ntawd, kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov xim xim tus nqi tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho kev siv. Kev ruaj ntseg cia thiab thermal stability ntawm pigments yog qhov zoo, tab sis lawv cov duab tsis zoo. Tom qab 24 teev ntawm kev tshav ntuj ncaj qha, qhov khaws cia ntawm cov xim tsuas yog 18.4%. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim muaj zog oxidation tsis kam thiab cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm cov hlau ion Fe 3+; Tab sis txo cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv pigments. Tsis tas li ntawd, cochineal pigment yog ruaj khov rau feem ntau ntawm cov khoom noj additives thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv.
2.2 Rouge yog fading nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm carmine feem ntau yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws lub zog kub tsis kam, ruaj khov rau citric acid thiab tartaric acid, tab sis nws yuav tig xim av thaum raug alkali, thiab muaj zog noo noo nqus. Nws yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab tig liab. Raws li azo raws li cov organic xim xim, carmine muaj ntau yam kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm carmine yog nws cov alkali tsis kam. Thaum raug alkaline ib puag ncig, carmine yuav tig xim av, uas txwv nws daim ntawv thov hauv qee yam khoom noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, carmine muaj qhov muaj zog hygroscopicity, uas txhais tau hais tias kev tiv thaiv noo noo yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum khaws cia thiab siv. Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov yam ntxwv ruaj khov ntawm carmine muab nws qee qhov zoo thiab kev txwv hauv cov zaub mov thiab lwm yam kev siv xim.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, carmine yog cov xim liab liab uas muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb, thaum carmine yog cov xim liab hluavtaws nrog ntau yam kev siv, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj qee yam kev nyab xeeb.
Yolanda
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